An Empirical Investigation of the Corporate Culture-Financial Article

An Empirical Investigation of the Corporate Culture-Financial Performance Relationship in Multinational Corporations - Article Example Webster's Dictionary defines corporate culture as "the shared values, traditions, customers, philosophy, and policies of a corporation; also, the professional atmosphere that grows from this and affects behavior and performance." In essence, "corporate culture is the personality of your organization. It's the way your company does business and how it conducts itself. It's employees' beliefs and expectations of work." (Ceridian, 2005). Corporate culture and the cultural statements that it engenders then become the modus operandi for corporate members when the executives' voice and document the values of the corporation to provide models for how corporate members should behave (1000ventures). There are various numbers of definitions available regarding corporate culture. Various academic scholars and authors have defined it in different ways. Despite having differences in definitions many would agree on one thing that corporate culture can be referred to as a set of values, beliefs, and behavior patterns that form the core identity of the organization, and help shape the employees' behavior ( Rashid et al, 2003). According to Tichy et al ( 1982), corporate culture is a directive glue where the appropriate questions to ask concern the values and beliefs that are needed to support the corporate strategy, the subcultures that might also contribute to this goal and whether or not there should be an umbrella corporate culture as well. As an extension of the foregoing, another question is also on the role of the human resources department in shaping and molding the corporate culture. Corporate culture can also be interpreted as collective mental programming that binds the organization together through shared values, which ensure that employees are committed to their nominated responsibilities which can lead to achieving organizational goals together ( Hofstede, 1980). Much of what has been written on the definition of corporate culture proceeds by comparison of one type with another. Culture is by definition a varied and variable subject. There is no overall cultural norm in the world, nor any cultural "mean" or average that can be usefully applied. By comparison with the financial sections of corporate annual reports that allow average revenue, profitability, investment and so on to be calculated precisely (which is not necessarily the same as meaningfully), corporate culture requires a different tack (Hofstede, 1980). Having said that culture is defined by comparison, rather than any intrinsic and absolute qualities, corporate culture does display a difference in how it acquires shape and form. Within the corporate environment, culture is strongly influenced by the corporate leaders who are natural role models for other employees. The qualities of a leader in his opinion are forged by experience, trial and error, and practical application. The more a leader has been exposed to these aspects, the stronger the leadership becomes and the more influence the leader exerts on the corporate culture of the company concerned (Mintzberg, 1989).

IP Management - Strategies and Tactics in Managing IP Disputes Term Paper

IP Management - Strategies and Tactics in Managing IP Disputes - Term Paper Example order to understand the concept of Intellectual Property strategy it is essential to understand the concepts behind Intellectual Property and strategy and the combination of these both terms. The Intellectual Property strategy, according to different analysts, is the tactic and method used for the management of the Intellectual Property rights by focusing on different activities like licensing and filing. On the other hand, there is another school of thought according to which Intellectual Property strategy is like any other business strategy and the focus is on using the Intellectual Property rights for the management of the technology. These is also a perception that Intellectual Property strategies are only associated with the large multinationals organizations and small or not for profits companies have nothing to do with Intellectual property. This perception is not correct, the Intellectual Property and associated Intellectual Property strategy is important and relevant for the companies of any size (Kitching & Blackburn, 1998). INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: In order to understand the different strategies and tactics associated with intellectual property, it is first important to know what is the meaning of intellectual property. Intellectual property is the term used to refer to the creation or formation of human mind like different inventions, symbols, artistic work, literary work, images, designs and other associated things. For all these creations of the human minds the creator is awarded with a set of exclusive rights associated for the innovation or discovery. These rights and laws are provided to the owners or creators of the intangible assets which cannot be recorded or documented otherwise (Merges, 1997). Intellectual Property can be further divided into two... The intention of this study is an intellectual property as the term used to refer to the creation or formation of human mind like different inventions, symbols, artistic work, literary work, images, designs and other associated things. For all these creations of the human minds the creator is awarded with a set of exclusive rights associated for the innovation or discovery. These rights and laws are provided to the owners or creators of the intangible assets which cannot be recorded or documented otherwise. Intellectual Property can be further divided into two categories: one is of the industrial property which consists of inventions, industrial designs, trademarks, etc. and other is copyright which consists of different type of artistic and literary work like poems, novels, films, drawings, musical work, photographs, paintings, sculptures, musical work, etc. Out of all these the types of Intellectual Property which are widely used and are most common are: trademarks, copyrights, pat ents, trade secrets, and industrial design rights. The term of Intellectual Property is relatively new, as it was started being used in the nineteenth century and become more common and popular in the twentieth century. The main aim or purpose behind the use of Intellectual Property is the protection and security of the innovation by the creator or innovator. Along with this the financial incentives associated with the Intellectual Property also encourage people to come up with new innovations in order to get Intellectual Property which in turn results in the development of the overall society and world.

Get Prepared My Speech Essay Example for Free

Get Prepared My Speech Essay Regarding our introduction speech as my first formal one in front of the class, I felt so awkward that I forgot every details which we should pay attention to. First is the Eye Contact. There was a kind of hook that I can’t control myself from moving my sights out of the back row, where our professor sat. The second Delivery part is Vocal Pause which was my most serious issue during all the speech. Words just went out of my mind since I wrote my name on the board. I was a little unaware when my name was called on the second because I preferred the third place so that I got enough time to calm down and organized sentences. Every preparation I did was showing randomly in my head. For example, my personal considerations on how tough will a military mission be had appeared first rather than an interesting getter. Some details I added to make a rich description became a simple word, not including some parts I even forgot to say. The last issue is about Body language that it may help audiences to know where the person in the speech is. Thanked for the outlines paper so that I knew where I should put my hands on. I was easily lost my minds but caught up on time by fingering which line I would read next. By recollecting fragments of my speech, I keep telling myself it would be better if I performed in that way. An interesting beginning, more eye contacts or less pause while I was expressing. All the problems I mentioned above is because I didn’t realize there was more nervousness than I expected. In another words, I didn’t rehearse enough to conquer that as Ronald B. and George states, â€Å"A smooth and natural delivery is the result of extensive practice. Get to know your material until you feel comfortable with your presentation† (page 342). After switched to a listener, contents were not the only part that attracted me but how different they performed from mine. By observing their moves, their body languages were perfectly coordinated with the rhythm of presentations. It became a talk like he or she was introducing a friend of his or her to you instead of reading a research paper. About the cadence they spoke, the variable tone caught my attention all the time and I couldn’t wait to know what was on the next. I confessed that I am the selective listener who responds only to the parts of a speaker’s remarks that interested me. With those changing tones and plentiful body languages, the contents were easily understood and appealing. I am very pleased to be enrolled in this class to figure out what is my weakness and how I can beat them to be a qualified speaker. Works Citied Adler, Ronald B. and Rodman, George. Understanding Human Communication with Carrie Cropley Hutchinson, 11th edition. Print.

Speaking of Courage Essay -- Essays Papers

Speaking of Courage In the literary work, Speaking of Courage, Tim O’Brien highlights the trying struggle of a post-war solider attempting desperately to integrate himself back into American society. Paul Berlin’s trials and tribulations exemplify the â€Å"dominance of a citizen culture in the United States,† as mentioned by Dr. Decker in class. American society does not allow for the soldiers we have sent off to fight to return as warriors. While Speaking of Courage is based on Paul’s experience after the Vietnam War the effect of the citizen culture can be seen throughout history. Americans are not generally known to have an imperial, blood thirsty nature. We choose to â€Å"conquer† the world using business or other non-violent means. In the case of the Vietnam War, our government was f...

Food Regulations Essay

1.State the administrative agency which controls the regulation. Explain why this agency and your proposed regulation interest you (briefly). Will this proposed regulation affect you or the business in which you are working? If so, how? Submit a copy of the proposed regulation along with your responses to these five questions. The proposed regulation can be submitted as either a separate Word document (.doc) or Adobe file (.pdf). This means you will submit two attachments to the Week 2 Drop box: (a) a Word document with the questions and your answers and (b) a copy of the proposed regulation you used for this assignment. (10 points) 2.Describe the proposal/change. (10 points) 3.Write the public comment that you would submit to this proposal. If the proposed regulation deadline has already passed, write the comment you would have submitted. Explain briefly what you wish to accomplish with your comment. (10 points) 4.Provide the â€Å"deadline† by which the public comment must be made. (If the date has already passed, please provide when the deadline was). (5 points) 5. Once you have submitted your comment, what will you are legally entitled to do later in the promulgation process (if you should choose to do so)? (See the textbook’s discussion of the Administrative Procedure Act.) If the proposal passes, identify and explain the five legal theories you could use in an attempt to have (any) administrative regulation declared invalid and overturned in court. Which of these challenges would be the best way to challenge the regulation you selected for this assignment if you wanted to have the regulation overturned and why? Answer all of these questions for #5 even if you are in favor of your proposed regulation. The response to question 5 should be a minimum of 2–3 paragraphs long. (15 points) 1-FDA publishes rules that establish or modify the way it regulates foods, drugs, biologics, cosmetics, radiation-emitting electronic products, and medical devices commodities close to the daily lives of all Americans. FDA rules have considerable impact on the nation’s health, industries and economy. My concern is that under the federal law, a claim that a food is intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease makes that food a drug, and is unlawful. However, federal law provides for FDA approval of a health claim, which is a statement that characterizes the relationship of any substance to a disease or health-related condition (e.g. a claim that calcium may reduce the risk of osteoporosis). Under the statutory standard for approval, the claim must be supported by significant scientific agreement. (www.iflr.msu.edu/iflr/courses/united_states_food_laws†¦) 2. The adequacy of federal oversight of food safety recently became the subject of intense media and Congressional scrutiny. The issue came to national prominence when contaminated food caused the death and illness of hundreds of people. The episode served to heighten awareness of the fact that an increasing proportion of the food consumed domestically is imported, and much of it from countries that do not have well established food safety systems. It also began to focus attention on the fact that FDA’s funding has not kept up with the responsibilities that have been heaped upon it over the past several years, and that FDA will need additional legal authority to effectively address some problem areas; they have adequate funding and resources. FDA covered the overall food safety systems of the countries, as well as their food safety systems such as specific commodity areas; i.e. seafood, including molluscan shellfish, imported meat products, vegetables and dairy products (exclu ding Grade â€Å"A† pasteurized milk products). (www.fda.gov/Food/InternationalActivities/Imports/default.htm) 3. The controversy over trans-fat offers an example of how one kind of regulation at the federal level can beget other forms of regulation at the state level. In 2006, an FDA regulation went into effect that requires listing the amount of trans-fat present in a packaged food on the label of that food. FDA did not go so far as to ban the use of trans-fat, something that some consumer groups were advocating. However, shortly after the issuance of FDA’s rule, state and local jurisdictions started stepping into the breach. A number of localities have banned the use of trans-fat in restaurant foods, and some states, such as California, have begun to follow suit. Faced with a patchwork of local requirements and the potential for adverse publicity, some major restaurant chains have reformulated their products to eliminate the use of trans-fat, however, nations wide has not complied or just finds a loophole to go around the system in avoiding such regulations. Another issue is the increasing concern of the status of federal regulation of foods and other products that contain nanomaterial. Both proponents and skeptics of nanotechnology hold the view that industry has raced ahead of regulatory authorities in bringing nanotech products to market, thereby increasing the potential for consumer injury and environmental harm. Thus, there is at least some support for stronger regulatory oversight of nanotech products in general, and of nanotech foods, including food additives and dietary supplements in specific. Recently, FDA announced that it will hold a public hearing to seek input on various aspects of its approach to regulation of nanotechnology. FDA likely will follow up on that hearing with the issuance of guidance documents specific to the product categories that it oversees. (www.mondaq.com/unitedstates/x/146784/Healthcare+Food†¦) 4. By law, anyone should participate in the rule-making process by commenting in writing on rules FDA proposes. FDA routinely allows the public input and carefully considers the comments when it draws up a final rule. Another way to influence the way FDA does business is to petition the agency to issue, change or cancel a regulation, or to take other action. FDA will act to implement a provision of the FDA Amendments Act of 2007 that requires FDA to establish a reportable food registry, and that requires any person who submits a registration for a food facility under the Bioterrorism Act of 2002 to also notify FDA of instances of reportable food. A reportable food is one for which there exists a reasonable probability that use of, or exposure to, the food will cause serious adverse health consequences or death, the same standard that currently applies to Class I recalls, so the practical effect of the new provision should make it mandatory for companies to notify FDA of a Class I recall situation. FDA Petitions require careful preparation by the submitter, they spends considerable time and staff resources processing petitions. Individuals sometimes submit petitions, but most come from regulated industry or consumer groups. For example, a drug company might request a change in labeling for one of its products; a food company might ask that its product be exempted from some provision of a regulation; or a consumer group might petition FDA to tighten regulation of a certain product. (RegistrarCorp.com/FDA-Food) 5. Health claims have been the subject of considerable controversy. After protracted litigation, federal courts ruled that FDA cannot impose an outright ban on claims that have some scientific support but fail to meet the statutory standard of significant scientific agreement. FDA’s strict application of the statutory standard was held to violate the First Amendment of the US Constitution, which protects against government infringement of speech that is not false or misleading. In response to those court decisions, FDA should develop a process for approval of qualified health claims; in order to attempt and describe the strength of the scientific evidence that supports a claim. Qualified health claims should be the subject of controversy in their own right. Some observers believe that qualified health claims are as likely to mislead as to inform consumers, and opposition to their use has grown to the point where Congressional representatives have asked FDA to stop approving them altogether. It remains to be seen how the controversy will be resolved, given that FDA’s current approach was essentially forced on it by the judiciary. (www.iflr.msu.edu/iflr/courses/united_states_food_laws) References: FDA gov Homepage – U.S Food and Drug Administration homepage; Retrieved form www.fda.gov January 19th, 2013 US FDA Food Regulations/FDA Beverage Regulations; Retrieved from www.registrarcorp.com/fda-food/index.jsp? January 20, 2013 Importing Food Products into the United States; Retrieved from www.fda.gov/Food/InternationalActivities/Imports/default.htm . January 20, 2013 United States – FDA Food Labeling Regulations; Retrieved from www.ladas.com/BULLETINS/1994/0694Bulletin/US_Food

Should Schools Reform Sex Education - 1168 Words

Solution: For such a complex and multifaceted problem, the solution is actually quite simple. Schools should include pornography in a more thorough and inclusive sex education system. If pornography was a required topic in sex education, every student would learn how it influences its consumers. This would provide a strong incentive for students to reject all forms of pornography. The sooner consumers recognize the effects porn has on their lives, the sooner they can break the cycle and the easier it will be. (UK Schools) Additionally, more extensive sex education could decrease the demand for pornography. Sex education does not cover everything that students may want or need to know, but they may be too embarrassed to ask. For that†¦show more content†¦(BBC; Independent; Nottingham; The Telegraph) Nearly a year later, James Morton went on trial on July 2, 2017 for the murder of Hannah Pearson. Morton had gotten the idea from a scene in a porn DVD and tried it before the incident with Hannah with a girlfriend, who experienced no complications. Morton admitted to â€Å"‘enjoying the sensation of strangling women during sex’† and â€Å"‘the feeling of domination.’†(Qtd. In Independent) According to Morton himself, he was still sober and Hannah was not. The prosecution claimed that it should have been clear to him when he was causing tangible harm to Hannah. (BBC; Independent; Nottingham; The Telegraph) Additionally, Judge Mrs. Justice Carr said â€Å"‘I am sure, as the jury was, that Hannah did not [provide] valid and informed consent to this escalated activity in the knowledge that it carried the risk of some bodily injury,’† meaning that even if she did give consent, Hannah was in no state to understand the gravity of what she was accepting or that it could hurt her. (Qtd. in the Telegraph) Furthermore, Judge Carr continued to say that Hannah â€Å"‘very intoxicated and, if not totally unconscious, then certain confused and not thinking straight. She was in no position to object, trapped underneath you whilst you strangled her.’†(Qtd. In The Telegraph) This implies that not only did she not provide credible consent, but that she was physically incapable of providing any consent atShow MoreRelatedThe Debate For Comprehensive Sex Education1212 Words   |  5 PagesComprehensive Sex Education Across the United States of America there is wide spread support for abstinence-only education. A majority of states require that abstinence-only education be the only form of sexual health education provided, or requires that abstinence be stressed above other forms of sexual education. These highly stressed abstinence-only programs are under fire as research comes out against the efficiency of these programs, and as new forms of sexual health education appear. TheseRead MoreTitle Ix : An Imperfect But Vital Tool Of Lgbt Students1613 Words   |  7 PagesTitle IX, Education Amendments of 1972, are a specific set of laws that prohibit any entity that receives any kind of federal funding, regardless of how it’s received or whether they are Public or Private, from discriminating based upon sex. This can mean via Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) or grants received via the Federal Government for building or renovations. It also forbids sexual harassment (Title). H owever, one question remains unanswered; â€Å"Does Title IX cover sexual orientationRead MoreThe Ratio Of Seriousness Of Crime1635 Words   |  7 Pagesdoing.† Maybe that statement is true or maybe the juvenile offender knew exactly what he or she was doing. Who else besides the child would know? Who can accurately and fairly judge a child on his or her so called illegal behavior? 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After gaining control of Cuba and setting up a communist party, Castro began a set of land reforms and nationalized all foreign-born private companies. This then led to the U.S. embargo of Cuba, and communist nations around the world rallied at the thought of another instance of communism in Latin America. After the revolution came to an end inRead MoreA Brief Analysis Of Sex Education1134 Words   |  5 PagesA Brief Analysis of Sex Education from Inception to the Present The topic of sex education conjures up much controversy regarding what should be taught, how it should be taught, or if it should be taught at all. The overarching goal of including sex education in public school curriculum should be to promote a lifelong healthy sexuality, and with this goal comes the hope that the inclusion of sex education in public schools will delay sexual activity. According to an article by David J. Landry, JacquelineRead MoreA Study On Sex Education1081 Words   |  5 Pagesbook Teaching, Sex, sex education first appeared in 1913 when Chicago public schools instituted a lecture series for girls and, separately boys, on â€Å"physiology, moral hygiene, and venereal disease†. Americans have viewed adolescent sexuality as an impulse to be controlled, or better, repressed. Sex education has mainly aimed at saving teenage girls from having early sex, and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. Alfred Kinsey discovered that girls and boys started h aving sex at younger agesRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Mandatory?876 Words   |  4 PagesI think sex education should be mandatory in the U.S. public school system because it is my young male experience that our youth is having sex younger than we think and need to know more about their bodies. A lot of explaining is needed in America today with all the increase in diversity of the families. It needs to an open conversation at home and school. It need to be explained and re-explained in each stage of education and become a requirement. Even when I was a child in school it was not takingRead MoreThe Ins and Outs of Sex Education+ Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesOuts of Sex Education Sex, it is seemly the main focus in American society. In fact, 95% of Americans have sex before marriage, (Lawrence 3). It is all over television, in books, and frankly, all over the internet. Whether it is wanted it or not, it is only natural that American youth are so curious about sex. So why are school systems leaving students in the dark about what they hear about or see every single day? Is it not the job of school corporations to educate the children? Schools need to

The Russian Mafia Essay - 1794 Words

The Russian Mafia The Russian Mafia: Protectionism in the New Capitalist Russia The Russian Mafia has always exercised an important role in the Russian economy. The contemporary mafiosi are descendents of the seventeenth Century highwaymen and Cossack robbers. These men occasionally murdered families prior to raids preventing them from being captured. The Russia mafiosi made a point to remain aloof from the state. Mob men were actually spurned when returning home from fighting in the Great Patriotic War. The gangs begin to dominate markets such as car sales, spare parts, cigarettes, food distribution, and other markets that the Communist Party failed to provide under the Bolsheviks (Remnick196). Since the collapse of Communism and the†¦show more content†¦Most entrepreneurs purchase the protection. Then the new company pays unofficial taxes to crime groups. This guarantees that nearly all new businesses will have an affiliation with the mafia. Gustatson estimates that payments can are approxi mately twenty percent of the profit (105). This is a major form of taxation on top of what the government already commands leading many companies to tax evasion or concealing their exact value. These acts forfeit what little protection the authorities might be able to render. The mafia demands a cut of the earnings but in turn furnish more than adequate security. The mafiosi provides protection from unaffiliated criminals and rival gangs. They ensure that property is not damaged or stolen. If entrepreneurs are visited by another organization, they must only summon their own mafia group. The two gangs will settle the matter themselves (Gustatson 105). This security is an asset that the State seemingly fails to provide. The Russian Mafia has more men and weapons than the Russian law enforcement. The police force is an intently corrupt place as is much of the Russian government. Both army officers and law enforcers are frantic for cash and willing to sell weapons such as guns, grenades , and rocket launchers (Remnick 109). The Russian Mafia is able to easily locate weaponry to carry out its duties as protectorate; while, theShow MoreRelatedThe Russian Mafia1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe Russian Mafia, also known as Bratva (Brotherhood) is a collection of various organized crime groups that originated during the former Soviet Union era. It is made up of underworld leadership in which engages in providing illegal goods and services that range anywhere from drugs and weapons smuggling to gambling and human trafficking. As in the U.S, there is no universally accepted definition of organized crime in Russia. However, the Bratva shares many basic characteristics with other well-knownRead MoreRussian Mafia1601 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most famous types of organized crime in the past and present is the Russian Mafia. This article entails the rational choice theory model with how it justifies being able to join the Russian Mafia and the business that they conduct. A rational theorist would argue that we as people are rational human beings who carefully calculated the consequences of our behaviour. We make choices based on the cost benefit analysis. The concept of the cost benefit analysis is that when we have to makeRead MoreMasculinity in the Russian Mafia1677 Words   |  7 PagesEastern Promises challenges the view of hegemonic masculinity as a a static, unified concept. By analyzing the behaviors of members of the Russian mafia, vory y zakone (thieves in law), particularly of Kirill and Nikolai, this paper will illustrate how masculinities are constructed, performed and reaffirmed in the context of the Russian mafia vory y zakone. The paper will begin by describing the main tends of masculinities theory, proposing that vory y zakone are creating oppositional masculinityRead MoreThe Italian Mob And The Russian Mafia1323 Words   |  6 PagesWhen people think of organized crime they think of the Italian mob and the Russian mafia. They are the ones that they see in movies and on television, and the ones that they hear about the most. However, they were created a couple centuries after their Asian counterparts, the Yakuza in Japan, and the Triads in China. These Asian syndicates were founded in the sixteenth and seventeenth century and consisted of merchants and other people in what was basically the middle class. 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Unlike the Cosa Nostra, or Italian Mafia, the Russian Mafia has a less structured hierarchy. Additionally, its criminal networks are based on skills needed for specific crimes (Finklea 17). The Russian Mafia is involvedRead More U.S. and Russian Relations After the Defeat of the USSR Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pages US and Russia relations after the defeat of the USSR: The end of Cold War brought new challenges to Russian life, economy and politics. Actually, the post-Cold War period opened the new opportunities for Russia. Democracy made its first steps in the country. After seventy years of communism Russian people finally got a chance to live how the want, to say what they want and to do what they want. People got a chance to choose their own leader, to vote for the Congress members. And it was very confusingRead MoreEssay about Japanese, Russian, Chinese, and Mexican Organized Crime1042 Words   |  5 Pageswould not. It is thought that the Russian Mafia has existed in Russia for several centuries. When Russia was still the Soviet Union, corruption began to develop because of the Communist era. Citizens were so desperate to pay bills, buy groceries, and more; that they began to steal from one another, as well as get into forms of organized crime. As the Soviet Union fell Russian organized crime was unleashed into the world, from Russia to the U.S and more. Russian organized crime groups commit crimesRead MoreEssay on The Boondock Saints’ Positive Deviance1348 Words   |  6 Pagesmovie The Boondock Saints provides an excellent example of positive deviance through innovation. The Social theory of deviance can easily explain the brothers’ actions. The movie can be used to study deviance as the brothers kill people who are mafia members, breaking the norms of society. Even though the acts they are committing are clearly illegal and deviant, the people of South Boston do not react in a negative way. Since the Social theory is very broad, it will be easier to look at the brother’sRead MoreBook Report on The New Ethnic Mob by William Kleinknecht Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesBook Report on The New Ethnic Mob by William Kleinknecht The New Ethic Mob by William Kleinknecht explores how the current criminals involved in organized crime are no longer just the Italians. He could be Cuban, Chinese, Russian, African-American, Haitian, or Jamaican. These are the new breed of more sophisticated and more brutal organized criminals. In the preface of the book Kleinknecht states not to mistake this work for a case against immigration in the United